Conviction, also known as the Boxing Artist, is a figure from legends and historical stories, said to have been from the ancient country of Agamemnon (Present-day Minos, 1045-1080/1091-controlled territory).
Increases the ATK of the next attack to 200%(Has a 5% chance to instead become 800%) Can store 3 charges
Mastery 3 · SP cost 4 · Initial SP 0Immediately deals 350% ATK as Arts damage to all nearby enemies and disables their special abilities for 5 seconds Has a 50% chance to fail, instead Stunning all allied units within range for 5 seconds
Mastery 3 · SP cost 12 · Initial SP 5DP Cost -4, Redeployment Time -15 seconds. This unit is Stunned for 10 seconds upon deployment.
Since you summoned me, you must be eager to feast your eyes upon my elegant dancing form, right? Uh...? Help you move the luggage...? Hey! I didn't come here to do manual labor!
You're such a weak and ineffectual leader! How could you be so fragile? If it wasn't for the sorrowful tears Amiya would then shed, I'd convict you right here, right now!
You don't even know what conviction is? Now prick up your ears! The art of conviction is an assassination technique created by the first Conviction master, who combined traditional dance moves with ancient fighting techniques. And now, standing before you is his third-generation successor!
Conviction is not some barbaric fighting technique! It's an artform where beauty and ideals are poured into the fist, then delivered through the fist straight into the heart! Now you know!
This art is the crystallization of hard work and great insight. When people ignore the true value of art and use this sacred product as some sort of game, Conviction will descend to right all wrongs.
Do you not revere in awe my aestheticly perfect image and overwhelming pressure? Then you're unworthy of your place on the same team as your savior! Ughhh! Con! Viction!
I'm actually someone infected with Oripathy, an incurable disease?! Curses... is this my destiny? Is this the fate of all who wield the Conviction Punch? Hey, why are you all looking away! I'm clearly telling you a sad story!
You also wish to become Conviction? In that case, chew upon this question! 'You're standing at a junction in a railroad, with a train full of Durin people approaching. The junction splits off into two tracks, one upon which several artists with meager artistic achievements are...'
You don't even have the gumption to answer the easiest of Conviction's dilemmas! You have no artistic talent! Taaaaake this! Conviction - Second Style!
...Hoo! Hah! No, wait, wrong move. Let's try again!
I am Conviction. I shall use this name, with all the faith it entails, as my code name. You ask what my talents are? I'm a master of the deadly and beautiful art of conviction! Now shiver in reverence!
An opportunity like this to become stronger is readily taken!
[According to Legends] Conviction has no fixed appearance. Based upon available historical records, there are few mentions of those called 'Conviction,' but one can clearly conclude that this name does not refer to any specific single person. In history books, descriptions of Conviction's race are not consistent, with the earliest records stating Conviction as from Minos. Despite these discrepancies, these records are all similar without exception in describing Conviction as beautiful in appearance, good at dancing, harboring a strong sense of justice, generally being skilled at a special type of boxing, and proficient with arts. Unlike normal boxing techniques, Conviction's special technique weaves in Originium Arts. Often referred to as 'Conviction Punch' in records, this special combat style is characterized by footwork akin to dance steps. According to the depiction on a mural, this is a type of assassination technique designed to strike in an unexpected way. Some of the attacks within this technique, when first launched, may appear to just be dance moves to observers. However, bystanders may also get hurt in the process. The most details about Conviction in the historical record are said to come from a number of chapters from a certain story, and this is considered to be the most reliable known source despite slight discrepancies in the details. From 'The Way of Arts - Apocrypha of Conflict': On the first year of the modern epoch, a group of artists established the ancient kingdom of 'Agamem.' Among the artists of Agamem, a group of them rose to become the ruling class and in a bid to seize all the country's property, announced a national ban on the creation of high-end art and declared the tomato as the country's sole staple food. The artists of the country soon were forced into a miserable existence, trying to sell inferior works of art in order to put tomatoes on the table. One day, an artist stood up to challenge the unjust rule. On the first day of April, the artist convicted the seven rulers with a series of superb punches. As a result, Agamem was able to enjoy a long period of peace, and flourished as a paradise for artists. 'Agamem? Super Artist Wars? Only eating tomatoes? What a load of rubbish. Why not focus on the birth and life of Conviction? Does the person who wrote this book bear some ill will against Conviction's peerless power? If it was up to me, information other than the Conviction and Art won't be included! Quick, find the person who wrote this book! I shall convict them!'
[The Train Dilemma] A large number of historical documents provide detailed accounts of Conviction's famous 'train dilemma,' a philosophical question which has been greatly discussed for many years. However, there is no indication that anything resembling a 'train' or train-related technology existed in ancient Agamem, but the records clearly state that 'trains' did in fact exist. This sheds some doubt upon the authenticity of the origins of the 'train dilemma.' There is also a variant of the train dilemma involving trolleys, but electric trolleys were invented even later than trains were... 'Conviction's Justice': When Conviction brought judgment upon Agamem, seven criminals were seized for suppressing the development of art. In order to punish them, Conviction tied six of them on the train tracks of an Durin train. The last was posed an impossible problem, doomed to ponder this question forever while eating nothing but tomatoes. To commemorate the artist who stood up in the face of injustice, the people of Agamem named this person 'Conviction,' and the problem was named the 'train dilemma.' As a caution to future generations, people reminded themselves to exercise their arts and to never be picky eaters, lest they too be posed with the terrifying train dilemma. '300 Philosophy Study Exercises': Conviction brought 7 convicted artists to a railroad that split off into a forked junction; five of the convicted artists are tied to one side of the tracks, while one was tied to the other track. At this time, a Durin train is headed towards the junction and is about to run over the side where 5 convicted artists are tied down. The last of the 7 convicted artists is not tied down, and there is a lever next to him. If he pulls the lever, the train will change course, only running over one person. Considering the above situation, if you are the last convicted artist, should you pull the lever? (50 points available) 'What's wrong with eating tomatoes every day? I'd gladly do that anyway. The rest of you aren't down for that? Forget about becoming Conviction, you're not even good enough to be an ordinary artist. Now that's the true crime. Oh, that's right! I know a great way to help you find enlightenment - you just have to lie down on those tracks over there!' 'The train needs a Durin to operate, right? Wait, are you seriously asking why this matters? That's part of the art. Art, you understand? The kind of person operating the train, the brand of the train, what material the tracks are made of, the rope used to tie these people, and how many people are tied down to each rail - these all factor into the equation. Each of these small details determine whether or not the train rises to the standard of a dilemma - is that how you really see it? Well, don't blame me for what happens next! Take this, the second Conviction!'
Corroserum5★ · Caster
Courier4★ · Vanguard
Crackborne5★ · Defender
Croissant5★ · Defender
Crownslayer6★ · Specialist
Cuora4★ · Defender
Cutter4★ · Guard
Czerny5★ · Defender
Dagda5★ · Guard
Deepcolor4★ · Supporter
Degenbrecher6★ · Guard
Delphine5★ · Caster
Diamante5★ · Caster
Dobermann4★ · Guard
Doc5★ · Guard
Dorothy6★ · Specialist
Dur-nar4★ · Defender
Durin2★ · Caster
Dusk6★ · Caster
Earthspirit4★ · Supporter
Ebenholz6★ · Caster
Ela6★ · Specialist
Elysium5★ · Vanguard
Enforcer5★ · Specialist
Entelechia6★ · Guard
Erato5★ · Sniper
Estelle4★ · Guard
Ethan4★ · Specialist
Eunectes6★ · Defender
Executor5★ · Sniper
Executor the Ex Foedere6★ · Guard
Exusiai6★ · Sniper
Exusiai the New Covenant6★ · Specialist
Eyjafjalla6★ · Caster
Eyjafjalla the Hvít Aska6★ · Medic
Fang3★ · Vanguard
Fang the Fire-Sharpened5★ · Vanguard
Fartooth6★ · Sniper
FEater5★ · Specialist
Fiammetta6★ · Sniper
Figurino5★ · Specialist
Firewatch5★ · Sniper
Firewhistle5★ · Defender
Flamebringer5★ · Guard
Flametail6★ · Vanguard
Flint5★ · Guard
Folinic5★ · Medic
Franka5★ · Guard
Friston-31★ · Defender
Frost5★ · Specialist
Frostleaf4★ · Guard
Fuze5★ · Guard
GALLUS²1★ · Caster
Gavial4★ · Medic
Gavial the Invincible6★ · Guard
Gitano4★ · Caster
Gladiia6★ · Specialist
Glaucus5★ · Supporter
Gnosis6★ · Supporter
Goldenglow6★ · Caster
Gracebearer5★ · Guard
Grain Buds5★ · Supporter
Grani5★ · Vanguard
Gravel4★ · Specialist
GreyThroat5★ · Sniper
Greyy4★ · Caster
Greyy the Lightningbearer5★ · Sniper
Gummy4★ · Defender
Hadiya5★ · Guard
Harmonie5★ · Caster
Harold5★ · Medic
Haruka6★ · Supporter
Haze4★ · Caster
Heavyrain5★ · Defender
Heidi5★ · Supporter
Hellagur6★ · Guard
Hibiscus3★ · Medic
Hibiscus the Purifier5★ · Medic
Highmore5★ · Guard
Ho'olheyak6★ · Caster
Hoederer6★ · Guard
Honeyberry5★ · Medic
Horn6★ · Defender
Hoshiguma6★ · Defender
Hoshiguma the Breacher6★ · Defender
Humus4★ · Guard
Hung5★ · Defender
Iana5★ · Specialist
Ifrit6★ · Caster
Indigo4★ · Caster
Indra5★ · Guard
Ines6★ · Vanguard
Insider5★ · Sniper
Irene6★ · Guard
Iris5★ · Caster
Istina5★ · Supporter
Jackie4★ · Guard
Jaye4★ · Specialist
Jessica4★ · Sniper
Jessica the Liberated6★ · Defender
Jieyun5★ · Sniper
Ju5★ · Sniper
Kafka5★ · Specialist
Kal'tsit6★ · Medic
Kal'tsit Esperanta6★ · Medic
Kazemaru5★ · Specialist
Kestrel5★ · Vanguard
Kichisei5★ · Sniper
Kirara5★ · Specialist
Kirin R Yato6★ · Specialist
Kjera5★ · Caster
Kroos3★ · Sniper
Kroos the Keen Glint5★ · Sniper
La Pluma5★ · Guard
Laios5★ · Guard
Lancet-21★ · Medic
Lappland5★ · Guard
Lappland the Decadenza6★ · Caster
Lava3★ · Caster
Lava the Purgatory5★ · Caster
Lee6★ · Specialist
Leizi5★ · Caster
Leizi the Thunderbringer6★ · Guard
Lemuen6★ · Sniper
Leonhardt5★ · Caster
Lessing6★ · Guard
Leto5★ · Guard
Lin6★ · Caster
Ling6★ · Supporter
Liskarm5★ · Defender
Logos6★ · Caster
Lord/Sharp6★ · Guard
Lucilla5★ · Supporter
Lumen6★ · Medic
Lunacub5★ · Sniper
Luo Xiaohei4★ · Guard
Lutonada4★ · Defender
Magallan6★ · Supporter
Manticore5★ · Specialist
Mantra6★ · Caster
Marcille6★ · Caster
Matoimaru4★ · Guard
Matsukiri5★ · Vanguard
Matterhorn4★ · Defender
May4★ · Sniper
Mayer5★ · Supporter
Mechanist6★ · Defender
Melanite5★ · Sniper
Melantha3★ · Guard
Meteor4★ · Sniper
Meteorite5★ · Sniper
Midnight3★ · Guard
Minimalist5★ · Caster
Mint5★ · Caster
Misery6★ · Specialist
Miss.Christine5★ · Caster
Mitm5★ · Vanguard
Mizuki6★ · Specialist
Młynar6★ · Guard
Mon3tr6★ · Medic
Morgan5★ · Guard
Mostima6★ · Caster
Mountain6★ · Guard
Mousse4★ · Guard
Mr. Nothing5★ · Specialist
Mudrock6★ · Defender
Muelsyse6★ · Vanguard
Mulberry5★ · Medic
Mutsumi Wakaba5★ · Specialist
Myrrh4★ · Medic
Myrtle4★ · Vanguard
Narantuya6★ · Sniper
Nasti6★ · Supporter
Nearl5★ · Defender
Nearl the Radiant Knight6★ · Guard
Necrass6★ · Caster
Nian6★ · Defender
Nightingale6★ · Medic
Nightmare5★ · Caster
Nine-Colored Deer5★ · Supporter
Noir Corne2★ · Defender
Nowell5★ · Medic
Nyamu Yūtenji5★ · Guard
Nymph6★ · Caster
Odda5★ · Guard
Orchid3★ · Supporter
Pallas6★ · Guard
Paprika5★ · Medic
Papyrus5★ · Medic
Passenger6★ · Caster
Penance6★ · Defender
Pepe6★ · Guard
Perfumer4★ · Medic
Perfumer the Distilled5★ · Supporter
Phantom6★ · Specialist
Philae5★ · Defender
PhonoR-01★ · Supporter
Pinecone4★ · Sniper
Pith5★ · Caster
Pith6★ · Caster
Platinum5★ · Sniper
Plume3★ · Vanguard
Podenco4★ · Supporter
Poncirus5★ · Vanguard
Popukar3★ · Guard
Pozëmka6★ · Sniper
Pramanix5★ · Supporter
Pramanix the Prerita6★ · Caster
Projekt Red5★ · Specialist
Provence5★ · Sniper
Proviso5★ · Supporter
Ptilopsis5★ · Medic
Pudding4★ · Caster
Purestream4★ · Medic
Puzzle5★ · Vanguard
Qanipalaat5★ · Caster
Qiubai6★ · Guard
Quartz4★ · Guard
Quercus5★ · Supporter
Raidian6★ · Supporter
Raidian6★ · Supporter
Rangers2★ · Sniper
Rathalos S Noir Corne5★ · Guard
Ray6★ · Sniper
Record Keeper5★ · Medic
Reed5★ · Vanguard
Reed the Flame Shadow6★ · Medic
Reserve Operator - Caster3★ · Caster
Reserve Operator - Caster4★ · Caster
Reserve Operator - Defender3★ · Defender
Reserve Operator - Defender4★ · Defender
Reserve Operator - Guard4★ · Guard
Reserve Operator - Logistics3★ · Medic
Reserve Operator - Medic4★ · Medic
Reserve Operator - Melee3★ · Vanguard
Reserve Operator - Sniper3★ · Sniper
Reserve Operator - Sniper4★ · Sniper
Reserve Operator - Specialist4★ · Specialist
Reserve Operator - Supporter4★ · Supporter
Reserve Operator - Vanguard4★ · Vanguard
Ripresa5★ · Caster
Roberta4★ · Supporter
Robin5★ · Specialist
Rockrock5★ · Caster
Rope4★ · Specialist
Rosa6★ · Sniper
Rose Salt5★ · Medic
Rosmontis6★ · Sniper
Saga6★ · Vanguard
Saileach6★ · Vanguard
Sakiko Togawa6★ · Guard
Sand Reckoner5★ · Supporter
Sankta Miksaparato6★ · Defender
Santalla5★ · Caster
Saria6★ · Defender
Savage5★ · Guard
Scavenger4★ · Vanguard
Scene5★ · Supporter
Schwarz6★ · Sniper
Senshi5★ · Defender
Sesa5★ · Sniper
Shalem5★ · Defender
Shalem5★ · Defender
Shamare5★ · Supporter
Sharp5★ · Guard
Sharp6★ · Guard
Shaw4★ · Specialist
Shining6★ · Medic
Shirayuki4★ · Sniper
Shu6★ · Defender
Sideroca5★ · Guard
Siege6★ · Vanguard
Silence5★ · Medic
Silence the Paradigmatic6★ · Supporter
SilverAsh6★ · Guard
SilverAsh the Reignfrost6★ · Vanguard
Skadi6★ · Guard
Skadi the Corrupting Heart6★ · Supporter
Skybox5★ · Sniper
Skyfire5★ · Caster
Snegurochka4★ · Vanguard
Snow Hunter5★ · Sniper
Snowsant5★ · Specialist
Sora5★ · Supporter
Specter5★ · Guard
Specter the Unchained6★ · Specialist
Spot3★ · Defender
Spuria5★ · Specialist
Stainless6★ · Supporter
Steward3★ · Caster
Stormeye5★ · Sniper
Stormeye6★ · Sniper
Surfer5★ · Vanguard
Surtr6★ · Guard
Sussurro4★ · Medic
Suzuran6★ · Supporter
Swire5★ · Guard
Swire the Elegant Wit6★ · Specialist
Tachanka5★ · Guard
Taraxacum5★ · Medic
Tecno5★ · Caster
Tequila5★ · Guard
Terra Research Commission1★ · Sniper
Texas5★ · Vanguard
Texas the Omertosa6★ · Specialist
Thorns6★ · Guard
Thorns the Lodestar6★ · Specialist
THRM-EX1★ · Specialist
Tin Man5★ · Specialist
Tippi5★ · Specialist
Titi6★ · Medic
Toddifons5★ · Sniper
Tomimi5★ · Caster
Totter4★ · Sniper
Touch5★ · Medic
Touch6★ · Medic
Tragodia6★ · Supporter
Tsukinogi5★ · Supporter
Tulip5★ · Vanguard
Tulip6★ · Vanguard
Tuye5★ · Medic
Typhon6★ · Sniper
U-Official1★ · Supporter
Uika Misumi5★ · Supporter
Ukusik5★ · Medic
Ulpianus6★ · Guard
Umiri Yahata5★ · Specialist
Underflow5★ · Defender
Utage4★ · Guard
Valarqvin5★ · Supporter
Vanilla3★ · Vanguard
Varkáris5★ · Guard
Vendela5★ · Medic
Verdant4★ · Specialist
Vermeil4★ · Sniper
Vetochki5★ · Defender
Vigil6★ · Vanguard
Vigna4★ · Vanguard
Vina Victoria6★ · Guard
Virtuosa6★ · Supporter
Viviana6★ · Guard
Viy6★ · Caster
Vulcan5★ · Defender
Vulpisfoglia6★ · Vanguard
W6★ · Sniper
Waai Fu5★ · Specialist
Wang6★ · Specialist
Wanqing5★ · Vanguard
Warfarin5★ · Medic
Warmy5★ · Caster
Weedy6★ · Specialist
Whislash5★ · Guard
Whisperain5★ · Medic
Wild Mane5★ · Vanguard
Wind Chimes5★ · Guard
Windflit5★ · Supporter
Windscoot4★ · Guard
Wiš'adel6★ · Sniper
Wulfenite5★ · Specialist
Xingzhu5★ · Supporter
Yato2★ · Vanguard
Yu6★ · Defender
Zima5★ · Vanguard
Zima the Raging Tide6★ · Guard
Zuo Le6★ · Guard
'Justice Knight'1★ · Sniper
12F2★ · Caster
Aak6★ · Specialist
Absinthe5★ · Caster
Aciddrop4★ · Sniper
Adnachiel3★ · Sniper
Akafuyu5★ · Guard
Akkord4★ · Caster
Alanna5★ · Supporter
Alliance/Supportive Operator4★ · Supporter
Almond5★ · Specialist
Ambriel4★ · Sniper
Amiya5★ · Caster
Andreana5★ · Sniper
Angelina6★ · Supporter
Ansel3★ · Medic
Aosta5★ · Sniper
April5★ · Sniper
Archetto6★ · Sniper
Arene4★ · Guard
Aroma5★ · Caster
Asbestos5★ · Defender
Ascalon6★ · Specialist
Ash6★ · Sniper
Ashlock5★ · Defender
Astesia5★ · Guard
Astgenne5★ · Caster
Astgenne the Lightchaser6★ · Supporter
Aurora5★ · Defender
Ayerscarpe5★ · Guard
Bagpipe6★ · Vanguard
Bassline5★ · Defender
Beagle3★ · Defender
Beanstalk4★ · Vanguard
Beehunter4★ · Guard
Beeswax5★ · Caster
Bellone6★ · Guard
Bena5★ · Specialist
Bibeak5★ · Guard
Bison5★ · Defender
Blacknight5★ · Vanguard
Blaze6★ · Guard
Blaze the Igniting Spark6★ · Caster
Blemishine6★ · Defender
Blitz5★ · Defender
Blue Poison5★ · Sniper
Bobbing5★ · Supporter
Botani5★ · Supporter
Breeze5★ · Medic
Brigid5★ · Sniper
Broca5★ · Guard
Bryophyta5★ · Guard
Bubble4★ · Defender
Cairn5★ · Defender
Cantabile5★ · Vanguard
Caper4★ · Sniper
Cardigan3★ · Defender
Carnelian6★ · Caster
Castle-31★ · Guard
Catapult3★ · Sniper
Catherine5★ · Supporter
Cement5★ · Defender
Ceobe6★ · Caster
Ceylon5★ · Medic
Ch'en6★ · Guard
Ch'en the Dawnstreak6★ · Guard
Ch'en the Holungday6★ · Sniper
Chestnut4★ · Medic
Chiave5★ · Vanguard
Chilchuck5★ · Vanguard
Chongyue6★ · Guard
Civilight Eterna6★ · Supporter
Click4★ · Caster
Cliffheart5★ · Specialist
Closure6★ · Vanguard
Coldshot5★ · Sniper
CONFESS-471★ · Vanguard
Contrail4★ · SpecialistAhaha, a promotion! The day when Conviction's hidden powers are released is not far away!
This sensation... it feels as if my artistic accomplishments have deepened, but also like something is welling up inside me...!
Due to my tendency to sometimes convict teammates, it would be safer for me to work alone.
At last, your conviction arrives!
Your judgement is nigh!
Now, count up your sins!
On my way!
All right!
Here I stand!
You think you're a worthy opponent?
Con—vict!
Haah!
Hmph!
Back down!
History is written by the winners… This is the doctrine of Conviction!
How about it! Aren't you awed by my heroic majesty-- Hey, wait up! Don't leave me behind!
It's fine. This victory might not be the most gorgeous, but it'll still serve us well.
Ugh... the magnificent Conviction must never allow such a blunder…
It's going to be another dilemma for me to convict this room…
Hmm?
Woahh! What are you trying to do this time! I'll teach you to behave!
Arknights.
Happy! New! Year! I bring Rhodes Island a dance most rich with the fragrance of Art. Enjoy with bated breath! All will receive a baptism by my gorgeous fistwork, and gain life anew!
Oh, if it isn't the Doctor!
Your office entrance is all filled with finely-wrapped boxes! I've convicted each and every one of them! Now partake in this gift from me: Soldiers Assemble: Barrage Fortress! The Firestorm Update!
Even beside those who don't understand art, those who misrepresent art are the vilest! The despair, the drowning despair! To think that penguin's music should find so many worshippers—that it should earn Number 1! Who was the contractor for that showdown? I will! Con! Vict!
[Records of Conviction's Challenge of Justice] According to records, in order to ensure the survival of wholesome art and the proliferation of a just society, Conviction will issue sentences to those who seek to do evil, bear significant sins, or try to hamper the development of the arts - all in the name of justice. The number of techniques in 'Conviction Punch' corresponds to the number of people who were sentenced by Conviction. 'Abridged History of Dance': Agamem's Way of the Righteous Fist shall be passed down forever. 'Legends of Righteousness - The Conviction Saga': In many folk tales, Conviction did not directly deliver sentences because the convicted party may have been innocent. As a result, Conviction would issue the train dilemma to test the party in question. Conviction would praise those who passed the test on having great talent in the arts, and encourage them to persevere in their pursuit of art until their works entered the annals of classics. It is said that at first, artists that weren't main stream were outcasted; but over time, these artists rose to fame as talented judges of virtue. These are all related to Conviction. Certain medical reports exist suggesting that only eating tomatoes for an extended period of time leads to nutritional imbalances. 'Who dares classify my Conviction Punch as a dance? And what is this about nutritional imbalances? Do I look scrawny to you? Hmph! Hmph! I bet you can't even follow my fist! An ordinary Operator's gonna get sent flying if they eat one of these! Wait, why are you trying to change the topic? If you can't answer my dilemma, that's fine, nothing to get ashamed about.' 'Right, there's nothing to be ashamed about, because I'll convict you on the spot! If once doesn't do the trick, then I'll do it again until I beat the sin right out of you! We'll see what breaks first, your foolishness, or my revolutionary crime-busting skills! 'Eat this! Conviction... Genesis!!'
[Source] Minos Museum of the Humanities [Broken link] New Culture Weekly 1090, vol. 3812, 'Durin Technology - Hidden Empire, or Massive Scam?' [Broken link] 'I've looked into this before, and the museum doesn't have any such material. I've searched both sides of the net, from the scholar files to the core library. As long as it's in the Minos Museum's system, I can find it. Therefore, it is my responsibility to warn you regarding those bizarre files of hers: Do. Not. Trust. A. Single. Word.' 'Hasn't the New Culture Weekly been out of publication since the first Millennium?'